Different contexts follow different capitalization rules. Developers rely on camelCase, snake_case, and kebab-case because programming languages and frameworks enforce specific conventions. Writers use Title Case and Sentence case based on editorial style guides. URLs, CSS, and HTML attributes each have their own standards. This tool handles all of them in one place — no switching tabs, no copying between sites, no wasted time.
UPPERCASE
HELLO WORLD
Every letter is capitalized. Used for acronyms, emphasis, SQL keywords, and any heading that demands immediate attention from the reader.
Used in: SQL keywords, acronyms, emphasis, headers
lowercase
hello world
Every letter is lowercase. Common for email addresses, certain URL segments, casual writing, and normalizing text before processing.
Used in: email addresses, URL segments, text normalization
Title Case
The Quick Brown Fox
First letter of each major word is capitalized. Minor words — articles, conjunctions, and short prepositions — stay lowercase unless they open the title.
Used in: article titles, book titles, headings, headlines
Sentence case
Hello world example
Only the first letter of the entire phrase is capitalized, exactly like a normal sentence. Proper nouns retain their capitalization.
Used in: body copy, UI labels, button text, subtitles
camelCase
helloWorldExample
First word is lowercase; each subsequent word begins with a capital letter. No spaces or separators. Named for its resemblance to camel humps.
Used in: JavaScript, Java, C# — variables and functions
PascalCase
HelloWorldExample
Every word begins with a capital letter, including the first. Also called UpperCamelCase. The standard for class names across many languages.
Used in: class names, React components, C# methods
snake_case
hello_world_example
All lowercase, words separated by underscores. Easy to read, naturally sorted, and widely supported across scripting and database languages.
Used in: Python, Ruby, SQL, database column names
kebab-case
hello-world-example
All lowercase, words separated by hyphens. URL-safe by default. Named because the hyphens resemble skewers in a kebab.
Used in: URLs, CSS classes, HTML attributes, file names
CONSTANT_CASE
HELLO_WORLD_EXAMPLE
All uppercase with underscores. Also called SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE. Signals to other developers that this value is immutable and should never change.
Used in: constants, env variables, config keys, macros
dot.case
hello.world.example
All lowercase, words separated by dots. Less common than other conventions but used in specific ecosystems where dot notation signals hierarchy.
Used in: Java packages, config files, namespacing
Common Questions
Everything you need to know about text case conversion.
What is the difference between camelCase and PascalCase?▾
Both camelCase and PascalCase join words without spaces or separators, but they differ in how they treat the first word. camelCase keeps the first word entirely lowercase (myVariableName), while PascalCase capitalizes the first letter of every word including the first (MyVariableName). In practice, PascalCase is used for class names and React components, while camelCase is used for variable names and function names in JavaScript, Java, and C#.
When should I use snake_case vs kebab-case?▾
The choice depends on context. Use snake_case in Python, Ruby, or SQL — any environment where underscores are valid identifier characters and hyphens would be interpreted as subtraction. Use kebab-case for URLs, HTML class names, CSS custom properties, and file names where hyphens are natural and URL-safe. Many style guides enforce one over the other, so check your language or framework documentation when in doubt.
What are the Title Case rules — which words stay lowercase?▾
Title Case capitalizes the first letter of all major words and leaves minor words lowercase — unless they are the first or last word of the title. Minor words include: articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet), and short prepositions (at, by, in, of, on, to, up). Different editorial style guides (APA, Chicago, MLA) have slightly different rules, but this tool follows the most widely used convention for headlines and web content.
Does this tool store or transmit my text?▾
No. All conversion happens entirely in your browser using JavaScript. Your text is never sent to any server, never stored in a database, and never logged anywhere. You can verify this by disconnecting from the internet — the tool continues to work perfectly offline once the page has loaded. There is no account, no sign-up, and no limit on how much text you can convert.
What is CONSTANT_CASE and why is it used?▾
CONSTANT_CASE (also called SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE or UPPER_SNAKE_CASE) uses all uppercase letters with words separated by underscores. It is a widely adopted convention used in most programming languages to name values that should never change — constants, environment variables, and configuration keys. The all-caps styling is a signal to other developers: this value is immutable. Common examples include MAX_RETRIES, DATABASE_URL, and API_KEY.
Can I convert multiple paragraphs or large blocks of text?▾
Yes. The tool handles any amount of text, from a single word to multiple paragraphs. For writing conversions (UPPER, lower, Title Case, Sentence case), the full text block is converted while preserving line breaks and punctuation. For code-style conversions (camelCase, snake_case, kebab-case, PascalCase, CONSTANT_CASE, dot.case), each line is converted independently and words are extracted cleanly from the input.
What keyboard shortcuts does this tool support?▾
Six keyboard shortcuts let you copy converted text without touching your mouse: Ctrl+Shift+U for UPPERCASE, Ctrl+Shift+L for lowercase, Ctrl+Shift+T for Title Case, Ctrl+Shift+S for Sentence case, Ctrl+Shift+C for camelCase, and Ctrl+Shift+K for kebab-case. Each shortcut instantly copies the converted result to your clipboard. On Mac, use the Command (⌘) key instead of Ctrl.
What is dot.case used for?▾
dot.case uses lowercase words separated by dots. It appears in Java package names (com.example.myapp), configuration file keys in many frameworks (server.port, app.name), and some namespacing and logging systems where dots express a hierarchy. It is less common than snake_case or kebab-case in day-to-day use but appears frequently in enterprise Java, Spring Boot, and property file configurations.